FABEL : Wolf and the Crane

In the days of old master and mistress Stork Wolves friends, they always spend time together, one day invited the lady Wolves host Stork for lunch at his house.

"I hope you come, mistress Stork" said Mr. Wolf. "I will provide a delicious meat". Mrs Crane accepted the invitation and went to visit Mr. Wolf. Mr. Wolf has made a delicious kasha and served in a wide plate.

Mrs Crane pecking plate with a long beak, but he can not bite it kasha. until his head but still terpatuk stork lady can not bite kasha.

Meanwhile, Mr. Wolf ate with gusto until kasha asserted. kasha discharged after host Wolf said: "very pleasant lunch with you, I hope we can eat together anymore.", "Thank you for dining sianya host Wolves" Stork lady replied. "Tomorrow you must come to my house for lunch". "I'll come" said Mr. Wolf.

The next day when the Wolves host the lady came to the house Stork, he smelled a delicious aroma, the Wolves host the hearts of thinking "this is a delicious smell?? Certainly good food. When the lady serving Stork, he placed it on a long-necked pots and narrow-mouthed." Do not be shy host Wolves "lady crane allows.

Mr. Wolf tried to put his paw into the pot, but it did not work, then he tried to use his nose, the result is nothing he could only smell the delicious food. Then the lady Crane entered a long beak into the pot and eat all that delicious hidanagn.

When the food was gone, madam Stork said "It's nice you can visit me, hopefully we can do again soon". Mr. Wolf is very embarrassed and angry to hear those words lady Stork. kemuadian without a word master Wolves go.

Since then hostile Stork and Wolf.

(END)Posting From : (dongengkakrico.com)

Preference (Kesukaan)

1. Prefer.....to.....

s+prefer+noun+to+noun

s+prefer+Ving+to+Ving

Do you prefer........to.........?

Example :

Question :Do you prefer orange to starfruit ?

Answer : I prefer orange to starfruit.

Question : Do you prefer speaking to listening ?

Answer : I prefer speaking to listening

2. Like.....better than .....

s+like+noun+better than+noun

s+like+ving+better+than+ving

Do you like.......better than........?

Example :

Question : Do you like orange better than starfruit?

Answer : I like orage better than starfruit

Question : Do you like speaking better starfruit ?

Answer : I like speaking better than starfruit.

3. Would rather.......than........

s+would rather+noun+than +noun

s+would rather+V1+than+V1

Would you rather.......than.......?

Example :

Question : Would you rather orange than starfruit?

Answer : I would rather orange than starfruit.

Question : Would you rather speak than listen ?

Answer : I would rather spek than listen.

4. Would prefer.......rather than.......

s+would prefer+noun+rather than+noun.

s+would prefer+to V1+rather than+to V1.

Would prefer.......rather than........?

Example :

Question : Would prefer orange rather than starfruit ?

Answer : I would prefer orange rather than starfruit.

Question : Would prefer to speak rather than to listen?

Answer : I would prefer to speak rather than to listen.

Direct Speech/Auted Speech

A. Direct Speech/Auted Spech
We can give exact word that we were said or that we imagine were thought. This kind of structure is called Direct Speech or Outet Speech.

B. Indirect Speech/Reported Speech
We can make speaker's word or thoughts past of our own sentence using conjuction "that"and changing pronoun, tense and other word where necessary (adverb of Time).

Passive Voice

adalah kalimat yang menyatakan pikiran/pendapat/perbuatan yang bentuk kalimatnya aktif dan pasif.

Active
1. Berawalan Me-/ber
2. Yang dipentingkan pokok kalimatnya (subject sebagai penderita/dikenai pekerjaan).
3. Kata kerja tidak selalu berbentuk V3 (past participle).

Passive
1. Berawalan di-/ter-
2. Yang dipentingkan ojek kalimatnya(object sebagai penderita/dikenai pekerjaan).
3. Kata kerja selalu berbentuk V3 (past participle).

Pattern :
Active : S+V+O
Passive : S+to be(am,is,are)+V3+by

Past Perfect Tense

Rumusnya yaitu :
(+) S+had+V3+O
(- )S+had+not+V3+O
(?) Had+S+V3+O

Example:
(+) Andi had studied english by 7 o'clock yesterday last night.
(- ) Andi had not studied english by 7 o'clock yesterday last night.
(?) Had Andi studied english by 7 o'clock yesterday last night?

Pada Past Perfect biasanya terdiri dari 2 kata yang biasanya menggunakan kata sambung before,after,when (didepan/ditengah),because,as soon as(ditengah).

Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense adalah suatu pekerjaan atau peristiwa yang terjadi pada hari ini dan telah selesai.

Rumus Verbal :
(+) S+has/have+V3+c
(- ) S+has/have+not+V3+c
(? ) has/have+S+V3+c?

Rumus Nominal :
(+)S+has been/have been+c
(- ) S+has been/have been+not+c
(?)has/have+s+been+complement.

Relative Pronoun

• Relative Pronoun adalah anak kalimat yang berfungsi sebagai pengganti yang menggantikan kedudukan adjective dalam kalimat majemuk.

• Fungsi Relative Pronoun :
• 1. Who : digunakan untuk berhubungan dengan subjek ( orang )
• 2. Whom : digunakan untuk berhubungan dengan objek ( orang )
• 3. Which : digunakan untuk berhubungan dengan subjek/objek ( benda )
• 4. That : digunakan untuk berhubungan dengan subjek/objek ( orang/benda )
• 5. Whose : digunakan untuk berhubungan dengan kata ganti milik ( posessive )

• Adjective Clauses : kedudukan adjective dalam kalimat majemuk.

Example :

1. The man bought my car
2. He was a lawyer
3. Answer : The man who was a lawyer bought my car

1. Cathrin is friendly
2. she is my friend
3. Answer : Cathrin who is my friend is friendly.

Finish

Past Tense

Rumus Verbal :
( + ) S + V2 + O
( - ) S + did not + V1 + O
( ? ) Did + S + V1 + O ?

Rumus Nomoinal :
( + ) S + to be ( was/were )+ Complement
( - ) S + to be + not + c
( ? ) To be + S + C ?

Past Continous Tense

( + ) S + Was/Were + V ing + C
( - ) S + Was/Were + not + V ing +c
( ? ) Was/were + S + V ing + C ?

Fungsi :
1. Menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang sedan terjadi dimasa lampau.
2. Menyatakan 2 peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada waktu yang bersamaan dimasa lampau meskipun waktunya tidak tertuliskan.

Present Continous Tense

Present Tense : S+V1 (S,es )/to be+O
( + ) S+to be (am, is, are)+V ing+O
( - ) S+to be+not+V1 +O
( ? ) To be+S+V ing+O

Present Tense/Simple Present Tense

Rumus Verbal :
( +) S+V1(s/es)+O
( - ) S+do/does+not+V1+O
( ? ) Do/Does+S+V1+O ?

Rumus Nominal :
( +) S+to be (am, is, are)+O
( - ) S+to be+not+O
( ? ) To be+S+O

Function :
1. Menyatakan Kejadian yang sedang terjadi
Example :
( + )
1. She studies in the clasroom
2. Tina is a beautiful
3. She is a teacher
( - )
1. She does not study in the classroom

Procedure

Purpose : To help us do a task or make something. They can be a set of instruction or directions.

Text :
1. Goal (the final purpose of doing the instructions)
2. Material (ingredients, utensils, equipment to do the instruction)
3. Steps (a set of instructions to achieve the final purpose)

Language Features :
1. Use of imperatives eg ; (cut, dont mix)
2 Use of Connectives eg ; (first, hen, finally)
3. Use of Adverbial Pharases eg ; (for five minutes, 2 centimeters from the top)

Naratives Part 2

Purpose :Like myths and legends, short stories are naratives because they are concerned with talking about the events. Other example or naratives writing are novels, cartoon strips, and picture books.

Text Organization :
An Orientation (beginning) it consist of :
1. Setting
2.Characters
3. a plot

A Complication (middle)
A Resolution (ending)

Language Features :
1. The use of direct and indirect speech
2. The use of Pronoun
3. The use of past tense
4. The use of noun phrases
5. The use of adjectives

Finish

Naratives Part 1

Pupose : To amuse or entertain the readers with actual or imaginary experiences in difference ways. Naratives always deal with some problems which lead to the Climax and the turn into solution to the problem.

Text Organization :
Orientation (who were involved in the story, when and water)
Complication (a problem arises followed by other problems)
Resolution ( Solution to the problem )

Language Features
The use of Noun Phrases (a beautiful princess, a huge temple)
The use of connectives ( first, before that, then, finally)
The use of adverbial pharases of time and place ( in the garden, two days ago)
The use of simple Past Tense ( he walked away rom village)
The use of action verbs (walk, sleep, wake up)
The use of saying verbs (say, tell, ask)

Fairy tales, fables, myths, tall talles belong to naratives.

Recounts

Purpose : To tell the readers what happened in the past through a sequence of events.

Text Organization : Personal

• Orientation
  ( who were involved in the story, when, and where)
• Events (tell what happened in a chronogical order)
• Evalution (comments of the writer/speaker about the experience)
• Re-orientation (Optional) (The conclusion of experience)
• Factual Recounts
• Orientation (who were involved in the story, when, and where)
• Events (tell what happened in a chronological order)

Language Features :

• The use Of Nouns and Pronouns (e.g : David, we, his)
• The use Of Action Verbs (e.g : went, spent, played)
• The use Of Past Tenses (e.g : we went a trip to zoo)